Insulin Resistance Diet: Benefits, Foods To Eat, & Recipes

Optimize your nutrition to control blood sugar levels and enjoy lasting energy.

Medically reviewed by Mary Sabat, RDN, LD Mary Sabat Mary SabatRDN, LD facebook_iconlinkedin_iconinsta_icon
Written by Payal Karnik, MSc (Biotechnology), Certified Health & Nutrition Life Coach Payal Karnik MSc (Biotechnology), Certified Health & Nutrition Life Coach linkedin_icon Experience: 2.5 years
Edited by Ravi Teja Tadimalla, BSc, Professional Certificate in Food, Nutrition and Health Ravi Teja Tadimalla BSc, Professional Certificate in Food, Nutrition and Health linkedin_icon Experience: 10 years
Fact-checked by Aparna Mallampalli, BEd, MSc (Microbiology), Diploma In Nutrition Aparna Mallampalli BEd, MSc (Microbiology), Diploma In Nutrition linkedin_icon Experience: 5 years
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When it comes to reducing the risk of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetesi  A chronic disorder where your body improperly uses or inadequately produces insulin, causing elevated blood sugar levels. , the insulin resistance diet takes on a more pivotal role in our lives. Insulin resistance is characterized by your body’s inability to respond to the hormone, insulin. Luckily, suitable dietary approaches may help manage this condition effectively. Adopting a well-balanced diet may help stabilize blood sugar levels and improve overall health and well-being. In this article, we will explore the benefits of this diet and the foods that may help manage insulin resistance. Read on!

protip_icon At A Glance: Insulin Resistance Diet

Principle: Prioritizes consuming whole and low-GI foods and restricts the intake of high-GI foods and unhealthy fats.
Purpose: To manage insulin resistance and reduce type 2 diabetes risk.
Who It Is For: Individuals with insulin resistance or those at risk of developing it.
Duration: Long-term
Who Should Avoid: Individuals who take diabetes medications and pregnant or breastfeeding women.
Cons: May lead to nutritional deficiencies.

What Is Insulin Resistance?

Woman checking her blood sugar level
Image: Shutterstock

Human beings require a constant supply of energy to function and the primary source of this energy is glucose. The carbohydrates and proteins in foods are broken down into glucose by the digestive system (1).

When we eat, the pancreas releases the hormone insulin into the bloodstream. It ensures that the blood sugar levels remain within a healthy range, allows glucose to enter into our cells, and provides energy for various bodily functions. It also helps manage excess glucose by instructing the liver and muscles to store it for later use (1).

However, insulin resistance, which develops due to genetics and a sedentary lifestyle, makes the cells less responsive to the insulin’s signals. Consequently, glucose struggles to enter the cells effectively, leading to higher blood sugar levels. This can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertensioni  A chronic condition where the blood exerts too much force on the artery walls, increasing the risk of stroke and heart disease. , dyslipidemiai  Elevated levels of cholesterol or fats in the blood, which increases the chance of clogged arteries or other circulatory problems. , and hyperuricemiai  The presence of elevated levels of uric acid in your blood, which can lead to health issues such as gout or kidney stones. (2).

Normal blood sugar levels typically range between 80 to 140 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) before and after meals, though these levels vary among individuals. If this value is elevated or inadequate, one might experience serious health risks (1).

High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels and nerves. This increases the risk of heart disease, kidney problems, and eye damage. Extremely high levels can result in a dangerous condition called diabetic ketoacidosisi  A life-threatening condition where extremely high blood sugar levels lead to the breakdown of ketones, resulting in acidic blood. (DKA), which requires immediate medical attention (3).

Conversely, severely low blood sugar levels can cause symptoms like confusion, fatigue, tremors, anxiety, etc (4). Thus, it is necessary to regulate blood sugar levels, which is carried out by a hormone known as insulin.

protip_icon Did You Know?
Insulin was discovered in 1921 by Canadian scientists Sir Frederick G Banting, Charles H Best, and JJR Macleod. Their groundbreaking work earned them the Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1923.

Insulin resistance is becoming a growing concern. An examination of the 2021 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data found that 40% of American adults between 18 and 44 years demonstrated signs of insulin resistance (2).

Thus, it is crucial to follow a balanced diet and exercise regularly to manage insulin resistance. Scroll down to the next section to learn how your diet can support better blood sugar management.

Key Takeaways

  • The insulin resistance diet aims to balance blood sugar levels by emphasizing whole and low-GI food options and reducing high-GI foods and unhealthy fats.
  • It may also boost heart health, maintain consistent energy levels, and facilitate weight management.
  • Incorporating regular physical activity, managing stress, and getting enough sleep can help manage blood sugar levels effectively.

What Is The Best Diet For Insulin Resistance?

Fruits and vegetables for insulin resistance diet
Image: Shutterstock

The best diet for managing insulin resistance focuses on balancing blood sugar levels and making mindful food choices. Here are a few tips you may follow:

  • Incorporate fruits and vegetables rich in fiber and antioxidants like blueberries, apples, and grapes. They have anti-diabetic properties and may help enhance insulin sensitivityi  The body’s ability to respond to the hormone insulin, which helps maintain healthy blood sugar levels. and lower blood glucose levels (5).
  • Consume low-fat dairy products, as they offer calcium and protein. Include whole grains like oats and brown rice in your diet. They provide complex carbohydrates that improve insulin sensitivity and prevent blood sugar fluctuations (6), (7).
  • Choose lean proteins and legumes. They are packed with fiber and protein, which may aid in blood sugar control (8).

Additionally, the best diet for insulin resistance focuses on the principles of the glycemic index (GI). It is a measure of how rapidly foods raise blood sugar levels. Consuming low-GI foods like apples, oranges, tomatoes, cucumbers, oats, barley, and non-starchy vegetables can be beneficial. They have a slower and steadier impact on blood sugar levels and help to prevent rapid spikes and crashes (9), (10). These foods are also included in a diabetes diet, which helps manage blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity.

Keep scrolling to learn how this diet can improve your overall health and well-being in the next section.

Health Benefits Of The Insulin Resistance Diet

Insulin resistance diet may improve heart health
Image: Shutterstock

1. May Help Control Blood Sugar Levels

The insulin resistance diet promotes the consumption of complex carbohydrates, fiber, and healthy fats, which helps slow down the sugar absorption process. This gradual release of sugar into the bloodstream prevents spikes and helps insulin work efficiently. This reduces the risk of developing diabetes (11).

2. May Help Boost Heart Health

This diet restricts the intake of saturated fats. Excess intake of these fats can lead to cholesterol buildup in your blood vessels. This buildup can narrow the arteries and increase the risk of heart disease. Thus, a diet low in saturated fats may help lower cholesterol levels and help reduce the risk of cardiovascular issues (12).

3. May Boost Energy Levels

Complex carbs like whole grains and legumes provide a consistent source of energy throughout the day, preventing energy spikes and crashes (13). Since this diet emphasizes the intake of complex carbs, it may help improve your daily productivity.

4. May Reduce The Risk Of Chronic Diseases

The diet focuses on low-GI foods rich in healthy fats and essential vitamins and minerals that may aid in weight loss and enhance insulin sensitivity (14). It may also help prevent various health complications like type 2 diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure.

5. May Aid In Weight Management

Consuming low-GI and fiber-rich foods may prevent rapid blood sugar spikes and crashes. This also reduces cravings for sugary and high-calorie foods and helps you develop healthier eating patterns. This may lead to weight loss over time and improve insulin sensitivity (15).

While an insulin resistance diet may help you get started on your weight loss journey, it can be challenging. But don’t worry. The following section provides you with tips on how to lose weight if you have insulin resistance.

How To Lose Weight When You Have Insulin Resistance

Exercise can improve insulin sensitivity
Image: Shutterstock

The following tips can help you lose weight if you have insulin resistance:

1. Follow A Balanced Diet

Consume whole foods like fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains to keep your body nourished and full (16). Avoid sugary and processed foods that can spike blood sugar levels and decrease insulin sensitivity (17). Such foods are also high in calories. Therefore, restricting them may help you manage your weight.

2. Adopt A Regular Exercise Routine

Incorporate physical activity into your routine. Even a short walk or aerobic exercise for 30 minutes, 3-5 days a week, can help improve insulin sensitivity and aid in weight loss (18).

protip_icon Pro Tip
Indulge in exercises you like doing. Whether it is walking, swimming, dancing, or cycling, enjoyment makes it easier to stay motivated.

3. Exercise Portion Control

Smaller, frequent meals can help improve insulin secretion and stabilize blood sugar levels. A study on healthy men with impaired glucose tolerance found that having nine smaller but frequent meals daily could improve glucose metabolism (19). Additionally, being mindful of your portion sizes may help avoid overeating.

4. Keep Yourself Hydrated

Sometimes, you might mistake thirst for hunger. Hence, drink plenty of water daily to minimize cravings and unnecessary snacking.

5. Rest Well

Poor sleep can affect the production of hunger hormones like ghrelin, increasing appetite and encouraging overeating. This makes weight loss more challenging (20). Make sure you get enough quality sleep every day.

6. Manage Your Stress Levels

High stress levels trigger the release of cortisol, a hormone that can impact weight and insulin resistance, disrupting blood sugar control (21). Manage stress through relaxation techniques such as meditation or deep breathing.

Most importantly, talk to your doctor or registered dietitian to create a personalized plan that aligns with your health goals and needs.

Remember that losing weight when your body is insulin-resistant may take time. Individual response may vary but these steps may help improve your health and make the journey more manageable.

Making a few dietary changes can not only control your weight but also your blood sugar levels. Take a look at the key foods to include in your insulin resistance diet.

Foods To Eat On The Insulin Resistance Diet

Consume whole grains on the insulin resistance diet
Image: Shutterstock

1. Non-Starchy Vegetables

  • Spinach
  • Kale
  • Broccoli
  • Cauliflower
  • Brussels sprouts
  • Bell peppers

2. Whole Grains

  • Quinoa
  • Brown rice
  • Oats
  • Barley

3. Lean Proteins

  • Chicken breast
  • Turkey
  • Salmon
  • Tofu
  • Lentils
  • Beans

4. Healthy Fats

  • Avocado
  • Olive oil
  • Nuts
  • Seeds

5. Low-Glycemic Fruits

  • Berries
  • Apples
  • Pears
  • Citrus fruits

6. Dairy/ Dairy Alternatives

  • Greek yogurt
  • Almond milk
  • Cottage cheese

Note:

Opt for unsweetened and low-fat or no-fat options

7. Herbs And Spices

  • Cinnamon
  • Turmeric
  • Garlic
  • Ginger

The insulin resistance diet also recommends avoiding or limiting a few foods from your daily diet. Take a look in the next section.

Foods To Avoid On The Insulin Resistance Diet

Avoid sugary and processed foods on the insulin resistance diet
Image: Shutterstock

1. Sugary Foods And Beverages

  • Soda
  • Candy
  • Pastries
  • Sugary cereals
  • Fruit juices

2. Sugary Sauces And Condiments

  • Ketchup
  • BBQ sauce
  • Sweet salad dressings

3. High-Sugar Fruits

  • Watermelon
  • Pineapple
  • Grapes
  • Mangoes

4. Refined Grains

  • White bread
  • White rice
  • Processed cereals

5. Saturated And Trans Fats

  • Fried foods
  • Fatty cuts of meat
  • Processed meats

6. Processed And Fast Foods

  • Fast food burgers and fries
  • Processed microwave meals
  • Instant noodles

7. Excessive Alcohol

These food recommendations can help you create your weekly meal plans and organize your grocery lists better. If you need help creating your insulin resistance weekly meal plan, scroll down to check our sample diet plan.

7-Day Insulin Resistance Diet Plan

Day 1
MealWhat To Eat
Breakfast1 cup of scrambled tofu and 1 bowl of steamed vegetables
Lunch2 halves of spinach and quinoa stuffed bell peppers with 1 cup of green salad, 1 vegetable stuffed omelet
Snacks1 cup of cottage cheese with ½ cup of sliced peaches
Dinner4 oz of grilled salmon with 1 cup of steamed asparagus and ½ cup of wild rice
Day 2
MealWhat To Eat
Breakfast1 cup of almond milk and strawberry smoothie with 1 tablespoon each of unsweetened almond butter and chia seeds
Lunch1 cup of chickpea salad drizzled with 1 tablespoon of olive oil and lemon juice, 3-4 oz of grilled chicken breast and ½ cup of vegetables (steamed or grilled)
Snacks¼ cup each of mixed nuts
Dinner4 oz of turkey meatballs with 1 cup of zucchini noodles and ½ cup of marinara sauce
Day 3
MealWhat To Eat
Breakfast1 glass of smoothie made with 1 cup of spinach, ½ banana, 1 cup of almond milk, and 1 scoop of protein powder
Lunch4 oz of tuna salad with 2 cups of mixed greens and 2 tablespoons of vinaigrette dressing
Snacks1 cup of celery sticks with 2 tablespoons of peanut butter
Dinner4 oz of baked cod with 1 cup of roasted Brussels sprouts and ½ cup of mashed sweet potatoes
Day 4
MealWhat To Eat
Breakfast1 slice of high fiber bread with 1/4 smashed avocado and 2 poached eggs
Lunch½ cup of lentil soup with 1 cup of mixed greens
Snacks1 cup of cottage cheese with ½ cup of pineapple chunks
Dinner4 oz of grilled chicken breast with 1 cup of sautéed spinach and ½ cup of quinoa
Day 5
MealWhat To Eat
Breakfast6 oz of Greek yogurt with 15 grams of sugar and half a banana
Lunch1 cup of cooked quinoa salad with 1 cup of mixed veggies and 2 oz of feta cheese
Snacks1 medium sliced apple with 2 tablespoons of almond butter
Dinner4 oz of lean beef stir-fry made with 1 cup of bell peppers, broccoli, and snap peas in a light stir-fry sauce and served with 1 cup of cauliflower rice
Day 6
MealWhat To Eat
Breakfast1 cup of cooked oatmeal with ½ cup of sliced strawberries and 2 tablespoons of chopped almonds
Lunch1 turkey and avocado wrap made with 4 ounces of turkey and 1/4 avocado in a whole wheat tortilla
Snacks1 cup of carrot and cucumber sticks with 2 tablespoons of hummus
Dinner4 oz of grilled shrimp with 1 cup of asparagus and ½ cup of brown rice
Day 7
MealWhat To Eat
BreakfastSpinach and eggs scramble made with 2 eggs and 1 cup of spinach
Lunch4 oz of grilled chicken breast with 2 cups of mixed green salad
Snacks6 oz of Greek yogurt with ½ cup of blueberries
Dinner4 oz of baked salmon with 1 cup of steamed broccoli and ½ cup of quinoa

You can adjust portion sizes and the meal as per your individual tastes and dietary goals. Take a look at the next section for some recipes you can try at home.

Insulin Resistance Diet: Delicious Recipes To Try

1. Lentil Soup

Lentil Soup
Image: Shutterstock

Recommended Serving Size: 1.5 cups

Ingredients

  • 1 cup of green lentils
  • 8 oz of chicken breast
  • 2 cups of mixed vegetables (carrots, celery, and bell peppers)
  • 1 onion
  • 3 cloves of garlic
  • 6 cups of chicken broth
  • 1 teaspoon of cumin
  • 1/2 teaspoon of paprika
  • Salt and pepper to taste
  • Olive oil for sautéing

How To Prepare

  • Heat olive oil and sauté chopped onions and minced garlic in a large pan until fragrant.
  • Add diced chicken and cook until browned.
  • Stir in lentils, chopped mixed vegetables, cumin, and paprika.
  • Pour in chicken broth, bring it to a boil, then simmer for 25-30 minutes.
  • Season with salt and pepper to taste. Serve hot.

2. Mexican Quinoa Salad

Mexican salad with quinoa
Image: Shutterstock

Recommended Serving Size: 1.5 cups

Ingredients

  • 1 cup of cooked quinoa
  • 1 cup of black beans
  • 1 cup of corn kernels
  • 1 cup of tomatoes
  • 1/2 cup of red onion
  • 1/4 cup of fresh cilantro
  • Juice of 2 limes
  • 1 teaspoon of chili powder
  • Salt and pepper to taste

How To Prepare

  1. Dice the tomatoes and red onions and chop the cilantro.
  2. Combine the cooked quinoa, black beans, corn, tomatoes, red onion, and cilantro in a large bowl.
  3. Whisk together lime juice, chili powder, salt, and pepper in a separate bowl.
  4. Pour the dressing over the salad and toss to combine.
  5. Serve chilled or at room temperature.

These scrumptious recipes can help you stay satiated and keep your blood sugar levels in check. However, you need an extra push to follow it effectively. Check out the following section to learn more.

Tips For Success On The Insulin Resistance Diet

Here are a few tips and tricks to adopt this diet successfully:

1. Set Realistic Goals

Set small, attainable goals and focus on gradual improvement. Implement the changes in your diet slowly. Give yourself a timeframe for achieving these goals. Gradually add more changes as you accomplish your goals to make the transition smoother and less overwhelming.

2. Focus on Simplicity

Make one or two simple changes at a time instead of completely overhauling your diet. These smaller modifications are easier to maintain and are more likely to become ingrained habits.

3. Be Kind to Yourself

If you slip up and have an indulgent meal or a sugary treat, do not be too hard on yourself. Instead, commit to getting back on track the next day as progress is not about perfection.

4. Learn From Your Setbacks

If you have a day where your food choices are not ideal, view it as a learning experience rather than a failure. Remember that your overall diet matters more than a single moment or day.

5. Do Not Skip Meals

Skipping meals can disrupt blood sugar levels and lead to overeating later. Stick to a routine of regular, balanced meals and snacks to keep your energy levels stable.

Adopting an insulin resistance diet can be a game-changer for individuals struggling with this metabolic condition. It may help stabilize blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, leading to better weight management and improved well-being. Incorporating simple ways to lower blood sugar, such as regular physical activity, increasing fiber intake, and managing portion sizes, can complement the diet’s effectiveness. However, it is important to note that every individual’s body is unique, and what works best for one may not produce the same results for another. Therefore, consult a healthcare professional or registered dietitian before making any significant dietary changes, especially if you have insulin resistance or related health issues.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it important to eat small, frequent meals with insulin resistance?

Yes, eating small, frequent meals may help manage insulin resistance by preventing extreme blood sugar fluctuations and aid in weight management.

How long does it take to see improvements with an insulin resistance diet?

Improvements in insulin resistance can vary depending on the individual and their adherence to the diet. Some may notice changes in a few weeks, while others may see significant progress in a few months. Consistency and patience are essential in following an insulin resistance diet.

Illustration: Insulin Resistance Diet: Benefits Foods To Eat & Recipes

insulin resistance diet

Image: Stable Diffusion/StyleCraze Design Team

Discover more about the essential elements of an effective insulin resistance diet. Watch the video below to learn how these choices can help manage blood sugar and improve overall health.

References

Articles on StyleCraze are backed by verified information from peer-reviewed and academic research papers, reputed organizations, research institutions, and medical associations to ensure accuracy and relevance. Read our editorial policy to learn more.

  1. Physiology Glucose Metabolism
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560599/
  2. Insulin Resistance
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507839/
  3. Hyperglycemia
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430900/
  4. Hypoglycemia
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534841/
  5. Fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8718861/
  6. The Effects of Dairy Intake on Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6769921/
  7. A Whole-Grain Diet Reduces Peripheral Insulin Resistance and Improves Glucose Kinetics in Obese Adults: A Randomized-Controlled Trial
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5930046/
  8. The Effect of a Diet Moderately High in Protein and Fiber on Insulin Sensitivity Measured Using the Dynamic Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Test (DISST)
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748742/
  9. Metabolic effects of low glycaemic index diets
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2654909/
  10. A glycemic diet improves the understanding of glycemic control in diabetes patients during their follow-up
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10072118/
  11. Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Dietary Components and Nutritional Strategies
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4751088/
  12. Saturated fats and cardiovascular health: Current evidence and controversies
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34649831/
  13. Real-Time Associations Between Glucose Levels and Fatigue in Type 2 Diabetes: Sex and Time Effects
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7273801/
  14. Dietary Intake and Chronic Disease Prevention
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8072965/
  15. Nutritional Modulation of Insulin Resistance
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820526/
  16. Effects of Diet Lifestyle Chrononutrition and Alternative Dietary Interventions on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulin Resistance
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  17. A Comprehensive Critical Assessment of Increased Fruit and Vegetable Intake on Weight Loss in Women
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  18. Added Sugars Drive Insulin Resistance Hyperinsulinemia Hypertension Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease
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  19. Update on the effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity in humans
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5569266/
  20. Effect of Short-Term Increase in Meal Frequency on Glucose Metabolism in Individuals with Normal Glucose Tolerance or Impaired Fasting Glucose: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial
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  21. Sleep Deprivation: Effects on Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9031614/
  22. Stress-Induced Diabetes: A Review
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9561544/
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Mary Sabat
Mary SabatRDN, LD
Mary Sabat is a registered dietitian and certified personal trainer with over 30 years of experience. She graduated with a bachelor’s degree in Dietetics and Nutrition from the University of Delaware and a master’s degree in Human Nutrition (with an emphasis on Exercise Science) from Rutger’s University.

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Payal Karnik
Payal KarnikSenior Health & Wellness Writer
Payal Karnik is a senior health and wellness writer and a Certified Health and Nutrition Life Coach. She is a biotechnology graduate from the University of Mumbai with a keen interest in writing and a natural curiosity for science.

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Ravi Teja Tadimalla
Ravi Teja TadimallaCo-Editor-in-Chief
Ravi Teja Tadimalla is a Co-Editor-in-Chief and a published author. He has been in the digital media field for over a decade. He graduated from SRM University, Chennai, and has a Professional Certificate in Food, Nutrition & Research from Wageningen University.

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Aparna Mallampalli
Aparna MallampalliHealth & Wellness Writer
Aparna is a professor-turned-content writer with over 5 years of experience in life sciences. Her passion for writing and interest in the healthcare and wellness industry pushed her toward a career in content writing. She has a master’s degree in microbiology from Osmania University, Hyderabad, and a diploma in nutrition from Fab Academy.

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