8 Side Effects of Milk Thistle You Should Be Aware Of

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a herb loaded with antioxidants and is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. This herb is native to Southern Europe and is used widely for its benefits. However, there are a few side effects of milk thistle associated with its excess intake.

Allergic reactions, abdominal problems, and estrogen and drug interactions are some of the common side effects seen in people who take this herb for extended durations.

Learn more about the other negative effects of this herb and what research says about them. Continue reading.

Know The Flip Side: Milk Thistle

Short-Term Effects
It may cause allergic reactions such as hives, abdominal problems like diarrhea and bloating, and muscle cramps.

Long-Term Effects
May aggravate conditions like endometriosis, and lower blood sugar levels too much.

Drug Interactions
It can interact with drugs like estrogen pills, statin drugs, which are known to lower cholesterol levels, and diabetes medications.

When To See A Doctor
If you develop an allergic reaction after consuming milk thistle then seek medical help immeditely.

Milk Thistle Side Effects

Though it is generally considered safe for most people, there are some possible milk thistle side effects that you should be aware of like diarrhea, an upset stomach, and allergies.

1. May Cause Abdominal Issues

Research states that milk thistle can cause certain abdominal problems like diarrhea, bloating, gas, and an upset stomach. Oral ingestion of milk thistle has also been linked to abdominal fullness (or abdominal pain), anorexia (a loss of appetite), and changes in bowel habits (1).

Fun Fact

The name milk thistle is associated with the legend of Mother Mary. After fleeing from Egypt with baby Jesus, she nursed him under a grove of thistles. The milk may have fallen on the leaves, leaving white marks.

2. May Cause Allergic Reactions

Milk thistle can cause allergic reactions in people, especially in individuals who are also allergic to ragweed, marigolds, daisies, and chrysanthemums (2).

Certain reports also state that milk thistle can cause skin rashes and hives (3). How this happens is yet to be studied.

However, if you develop an allergic reaction after taking milk thistle, stop use and consult your doctor.

Chrissy, a vlogger, recounted her experience of using milk thistle for about six days to detox her liver. She said, “Milk thistle broke me out so bad and this was the only thing that I was taking that week and I did not alter my dye in any type of way. Nothing different happened. I usually do not get acne like that (i).”

3. May Interact With Estrogen

Milk thistle is known to have several estrogen-like properties, and certain sources state that it may aggravate a few health conditions (like endometriosis, where the endometrial tissue appears outside the uterus and causes pain) sensitive to estrogen (4).

Milk thistle might also decrease hormone levels in the body (5). Taking it along with estrogen pills might reduce their effectiveness. Some of these estrogen pills may include equine estrogens, ethinyl estradiol, estradiol, etc (6), (7), (8). However, more direct research is warranted in this regard.

4. May Have Interactions During Breastfeeding And Pregnancy

Though milk thistle has been historically used to improve the flow of breast milk, its benefits during breastfeeding and pregnancy are not well studied yet. Hence, stay safe and avoid use.

5. May Interact With Cholesterol Medication

While it is frequently used as a herbal therapy to promote liver function, there are some potential dangers of milk thistle as it can interact with medications. It might interact with statin drugs, which are known to lower cholesterol levels (lipid-lowering) (9). Some of these drugs may include Mevacor, Lescol, Zocor, Pravachol, and Baycol. Milk thistle interacts with these drugs as both are broken down by the same liver enzymes.

6. May Lower Blood Sugar Way Too Much

Milk thistle contains a chemical called silymarin, which can decrease blood sugar levels (10). Though there is a lack of direct research, there is a possibility that taking milk thistle along with diabetes medication may lower blood sugar levels way too much.

7. May Interact With Other Drugs

Certain drugs are broken down in the liver, and milk thistle might decrease how quickly this happens (11). Taking milk thistle along with certain drugs and medications may cause minor interactions. Some such drugs may include (12):

• Indinavir
• Elavil
• Valium
• Celebrex
• Voltaren
• Lescol
• Cozaar
• Demadex
• Coumadin
• Zyflo

Since milk thistle affects how well the liver breaks down these medications, it can affect how well these medications can work.

Some research also states that overall, milk thistle may not pose a great risk for drug interactions in humans (13).

8. May Cause Weakness

Certain individuals might experience weakness with milk thistle. Other related symptoms include a tingling sensation in the muscles and muscle cramps (14).

In one case, milk thistle had caused excessive sweating and weakness (14).

Learn about the precautions one needs to follow while taking milk thistle in the section below.

Milk Thistle Warnings

1. Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may be allergic to milk thistle and experience symptoms like itching, rash, or swelling. If you have a history of allergies, exercise caution.
2. Digestive Issues: High doses of milk thistle may lead to digestive discomfort, including diarrhea, bloating, and indigestion. Follow recommended dosage guidelines to prevent this.
3. Interactions with Medications: Milk thistle may interact with medications, potentially affecting their effectiveness. Consult your healthcare provider if you are taking medications.
4. Pregnancy and Lactation: Pregnant or nursing women should consult their healthcare providers before using milk thistle, as its safety in these situations is not well-established.

Quick Tip

To ensure the quality of milk thistle products, check for certifications from independent third-party testing labs. Check if they have been certified organic following U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) regulations.

Infographic: Benefits Of Milk Thistle

Though there are some serious side effects associated with milk thistle, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of this herb provide several benefits for your health. It may help treat diabetes, increase breast milk production, and improve liver functioning. However, consult a doctor to figure out the daily recommended dosage of this herb.

Check out the infographic below to learn more about the benefits of milk thistle.

Illustration: StyleCraze Design Team

Frequently Asked Questions

Can you get milk thistle naturally from foods?

Mary Sabat, MS, RD, LD, says, “Milk thistle is a flowering herb that is native to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. It is commonly used in herbal preparations and is available in supplement form. You can use it in recipes. However, the only food we can actually get milk thistle from is milk thistle itself.”

Is milk thistle good for the heart?

Sabat says, “Milk thistle is a natural herb with powerful antioxidant properties that may provide some heart health benefits. Studies suggest that it can help reduce inflammation, lower cholesterol levels, and boost antioxidant activity in the body. It may also help to protect against damage caused by free radicals and reduce the risk of heart disease.” She adds, “It may help reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke, and can help to reduce blood pressure. Milk thistle may also help reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases.”

Can milk thistle help people with kidney issues?

Sabat opines, “Milk thistle is a plant that has been used for centuries to support liver and kidney health. It contains a powerful antioxidant called silymarin, which is thought to protect the liver from damage caused by toxins, such as alcohol and certain medications. Studies have also found that silymarin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties, which may help protect the kidneys from damage.”
She adds, “Milk thistle may also help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are linked to kidney disease. Additionally, it has been found to reduce markers of kidney damage, such as creatinine and urea nitrogen, in people with chronic kidney disease. Finally, some research suggests that milk thistle may help reduce the risk of developing kidney stones.”

Is milk thistle good for jaundice?

According to Sabat, “Milk thistle may also be beneficial for people with jaundice. It is thought to help reduce bilirubin levels, which are increased in jaundice, as well as help support liver health. Milk thistle is believed to be an effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, which can help reduce inflammation in the liver. It may also help protect the liver from damage and help the body eliminate toxins that can contribute to jaundice. Additionally, milk thistle can support the body’s immune system and help reduce the symptoms associated with jaundice.”

Is milk thistle good for the gallbladder?

According to Sabat, “There is some evidence that milk thistle can help treat gallbladder disease. Studies have shown the active ingredient in milk thistle, known as silymarin, can help reduce inflammation and improve bile secretion. It may also help reduce the risk of gallstones and even dissolve them. Some research suggests that milk thistle can also reduce symptoms associated with gallbladder diseases, such as pain, bloating, and nausea.”

What is the daily upper limit for milk thistle?

Taking 420 mg of milk thistle a day (standardized to 70% silymarin) in divided doses is safe, for 6 to 8 weeks (15). However, consult your doctor for the best advice.

Where to buy milk thistle?

You can buy milk thistle online in the supplement form. You might also get the herb at your nearest supermarket/pharmacy.

How long does it take for milk thistle to start working?

It may take one or two weeks for milk thistle to start working.

Can you drink alcohol while taking milk thistle?

Yes, you can drink alcohol while taking milk thistle. For centuries, this herb has been used in fighting hangovers (9). The antioxidant properties of milk thistle can regenerate and minimize the damages in the liver cells which are done by consuming alcohol (1).

Can you take milk thistle long term?

Yes, you can take milk thistle long term. In animal studies, the antioxidant and radical-scavenging properties of silibinin in milk thistle were found to reduce tumors (16). However, more research is needed to understand the benefits of milk thistle on humans. So, consult a doctor to understand about its long term usage.

Does milk thistle cause weight gain?

Possibly. Mothers who used milk thistle to boost their milk production reported unwanted weight gain along with irritability and nausea (16).

Image: Stable Diffusion/StyleCraze Design Team

Are you considering a milk thistle liver detox? Before diving in, it’s crucial to be aware of potential side effects. Watch this video to explore the truth behind this popular detox method. Stay informed and prioritize your well-being!

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Merlin Annie RajRegistered Dietitian Nutritionist

   

Merlin Annie Raj is a Registered Dietitian based out of Hyderabad, India. She has 14 years of experience in Clinical Nutrition as well as teaching Nutrition and Dietetics to undergraduate and postgraduate students. She was awarded the ‘President’s Award’ at the 47th Annual National Conference of the Indian Dietetic Association, 2014.   Merlin has conducted various weight management programs, prepared...more

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  Mary SabatMS, RDN, LD

  Mary Sabat, MS, RDN, LD, is a registered dietitian and a certified in personal training by the American Council of Exercise. She has 30 years of experience in nutrition education, wellness coaching, fitness training, holistic health, and weight loss coaching. She obtained her bachelor's degree in Dietetics and Nutrition from the University of Delaware and master’s degree in Human Nutrition with an emphasis on Exercise Science from Rutgers University.
  
  Mary Sabat, MS, RDN, LD, is a registered dietitian and a certified in personal training by the American Council of Exercise. She has 30 years of experience in nutrition education, wellness coaching, fitness training, holistic health, and weight loss coaching. She obtained her bachelor's degree in Dietetics and Nutrition from the University of Delaware and master’s degree in Human Nutrition with an emphasis on Exercise Science from Rutgers University.

Ravi Teja TadimallaSenior Editor

 

Ravi Teja Tadimalla is a senior editor and a published author. He has been in the digital media field for over eight years. He graduated from SRM University, Chennai, and has a Professional Certificate in Food, Nutrition & Research from Wageningen University. He has written over 300 articles about ingredients and their benefits for the skin, hair, and health. He...more

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Arshiya Syeda is a senior editor at StyleCraze with 7 years of experience. Prior to that, she was a content writer and combined her writing and research skills to write over 200 high-performing articles on hairstyles, hair care, and skin care. She holds a bachelor's degree in literature and psychology from Osmania University, Hyderabad, and a post-graduate diploma in psychological...more

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Aparna is a professor-turned-content writer with over 5 years of experience in life sciences. Her passion for writing and interest in the healthcare and wellness industry pushed her toward a career in content writing. She has a master’s degree in microbiology from Osmania University, Hyderabad, and a diploma in nutrition from Fab Academy. She aims to use her knowledge of...more